Introduction
Today I would like to reflect with you a little on the subject of anger and rage. I have the feeling that the average temperature in our society has risen in recent years.
People are outraged, they get pissed off much more quickly and they show it. That's how it feels to me and at some point, these kinds of developments end up in the community and we have to deal with them.
You've probably heard the term "angry citizen", which didn't exist twenty years ago. It first appeared in 2010, partly in connection with Stuttgart 21 and partly with outraged reactions to Sarrazin's critics - not Sarrazin himself, but his critics. "Angry citizen" even became the bad word of the year in 2010.
I didn't even realise about Sarrazin at the time, but I did hear the term "angry citizen" in connection with the train station in Stuttgart. And for me, the term was initially positive, because for once normal citizens were demonstrating against something. For me, "angry citizen" was an insult similar to "long-haired layabout" for eco-demonstrators.
You can think what you like about Stuttgart 21, but in 2008 the total costs were estimated at 2.8 billion and in 2019 the Federal Audit Office warned that 8.2 billion would probably not be enough.
But let's stay with the angry citizens. My positive image of this word disappeared over time because there were more and more demonstrations where anger and aggression simply came across. And somehow the basis for dialogue was also lost, e.g. with Pegida or the current coronavirus demonstrations.
When I was young in the 80s, it was the time of the peace demos and I always felt that these demos were pretty one-sided, but you could always talk to these people. There was discussion, even if you thought the other person's opinion was wrong. Back then, the press was also accepted as a necessary part of this dialogue process.
Today, in many cases people no longer talk, they no longer want to reflect and there is often only anger. That's how it seems to me.
And it's often the same on social networks and the rest of the internet. Outrage and excitement brings clicks. It gets on my nerves. If I see headlines with more than one exclamation mark somewhere, I don't read the article as a matter of principle.
But people seem to be more upset today than they used to be. Maybe it makes you feel like you're alive, some kind of psychological scoring or something, I don't know.
But enough introduction, let's look at the Bible. I roughly scanned the whole Bible for texts on the subject of "anger" and organised them a bit.
God's wrath
The Bible most often speaks of God's wrath, but that's not the point today, just a hint that it takes a long time for God to get angry: (Nehemiah 9:17b; NL)
Perhaps we should bear this in mind when we think about human anger.
Human anger
Anger can also have a positive effect.
Anger as a drive
There is an interesting story from the early days of King Saul in 1 Samuel 11, which begins like this (vv. 1-3):
The mood in Jabesh was certainly not so good now (vv. 4-7)
We can certainly argue about the details of what happened, but the Spirit of God came upon him, he became very angry and he acted. The text goes on to say that the Ammonites are defeated because Saul acts purposefully and deliberately with his anger.
There is an interesting quote from Pope Gregory the Great from the 6th century (I got it from the cabaret artist Georg Schramm):
Reason can oppose evil with greater force when anger is at its service.
It's not about blind rage, "because rage is the unrestrained sister of anger." Also a quote, but I don't know from whom.
Another example of productive anger is Elihu (Job 32:2), a young man whose anger leads him to objectively contradict and argue with Job. And he says good things and, unlike Job's other three friends, his speeches are not subsequently condemned by God.
Jesus' anger
We also find anger in Jesus Christ. Most people might think of the cleansing of the temple, but there is no mention of anger, only zeal, but no anger.
I have found two places where Jesus was angry and ... was. He was angry and upset at the hard-heartedness of the priests who did not want him to heal in the temple on the Sabbath (Mark 3:5).
And he was full of anger and also full of pain in front of Lazarus' tomb because the people did not believe him that Lazarus would come back to life. He had announced it and they did not believe him.
And in both cases he acted accordingly and healed or even raised Lazarus from the dead.
But unfortunately, human anger is often not so productive and often has negative consequences.
Stupid anger
I would categorise anger that arises from wounded pride under stupid anger, for example.
Injured pride
Two examples from the Bible.
There was once a mighty army commander named Naaman from the kingdom of Aram who had leprosy (something similar to leprosy). And he was told that he could find help in Israel and via detours he ended up with the prophet Elisha (2 Kings 5:9-12; NL):
Doesn't he know who I am? I am important and I will not be treated like this.
He is persuaded, overcomes his anger, bathes in the Jordan and is healed. His anger almost prevented his healing. But here there was a happy ending.
Another example without a happy ending can be found in 1 Kings 21, which is about King Ahab (1 Kings 21:1-4; NL)
He tells his wife Jezebel and she has Naboth murdered so that Ahab can have this vineyard.
Anger out of wounded pride can lead to really bad deeds, so we should beware of that.
Bitterness
A related negative emotion is bitterness, it is not the same as wounded pride but somehow similar.
In Psalm 73, the psalmist deals with why the wicked are doing so well (Psalm 73, 12.13; NL):
Why are they doing so well and I have so many problems? That's not fair.
But when he changes his perspective, he gets out of the act (Psalm 73:21-25; NL):
I believe that, like the psalmist, you have to come to such a personal realisation yourself, to this change of perspective, to this new view of God.
As I was here at this point of preparation, I asked myself what role bitterness plays in the many demonstrations. Bitterness about powerlessness in the face of the powerful, "We'll show them now!"
Of course, there is a tendency to assume objective reasons for demonstrations that you think are right in terms of the topic and motives such as hatred, bitterness, etc. for others. I don't know, you can only look at people's heads.
Uncontrolled anger
But you do get the impression, at least from the media, that anger on the street has increased and is becoming more and more unrestrained.
Sometimes people do things in anger that they might regret later.
An example from 1 Samuel 20: Jonathan argues with his father Saul about David and this happens at the climax of the argument (1 Samuel 20: 32-33; NL):
I think Saul would have regretted it if he had hit his son.
There is also some wisdom about this in Proverbs:
Proverbs 12:16; NL
Proverbs 14:29; NL
Proverbs 29:11; NL
Self-righteous anger
Sometimes our anger is also somewhat self-righteous. We usually have more patience with ourselves than with others, to be honest.
There is a good example of this in 2 Samuel 12: David had previously been involved with a woman called Bathsheba, but this woman was married to one of his soldiers called Uriah and when she became pregnant by David, he had Uriah murdered and quickly married Bathsheba so that this affair would not come to light.
The prophet Nathan retells this story as a parable and David does not realise this and became very angry with this man from the parable (2 Samuel 12:5; NL):
You are the man, Nathan then had to tell him. I don't think it's so rare that we deserve our own wrath.
More compassion for the weaknesses of others can already help us to accuse ourselves less.
Dealing with anger
So how do you deal with anger? You have to take the feeling seriously, because Proverbs 30:33; NL:
Unfortunately, this is often the case.
However, we find some wisdom in the Bible that helps us to deal with anger better.
Ecclesiastes 7, 9; NL
We've been over this before; you have to control yourself, otherwise you'll say or do stupid things.
Proverbs 19, 11; NL
It helps if you not only insist on your rights, but can also forgive mistakes.
And Proverbs 15, 1; NL
Don't give the devil the opportunity to gain power over you through anger!
And a few verses further on (Ephesians 4:31, 32; NL):
For, and we must never forget this when we think about anger (James 1:20, NL):
I would like to conclude the topic "Dealing with anger" with one of my favourite passages (Romans 12:18-21; NL):
Summary
Let me summarise.
- The following applies to God's wrath: He forgives, is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and full of steadfast love.
- Anger can also have a positive effect and spur us to action. Jesus was sometimes angry, but at the same time he was also concerned and took action.
- But there is also a lot of stupid anger, caused by wounded pride (as in Naaman, for example) and bitterness.
- Uncontrolled anger (irascibility) often leads to problems and it is a sign of wisdom to control anger.
- Sometimes anger is also somewhat self-righteous. Compassion for the weaknesses of others helps here.
- And the Bible also gives many tips on how to deal with anger: self-control, kindness, compassion, not cultivating anger.
- Human anger does not work God's justice and actions such as revenge should be left entirely to God.